P-ANCA positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis presented by acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy

Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) is a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) that involves motor and sensory fibers and causes axonal damage. Malignancy, vasculitis, and infectious agents may be responsible for the etiology of GBS. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis affecting small-to medium-sized vessels. One of these vasculitis types is Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA). Involvement of the nervous system in GPA is at a level of 20-50%; peripheral or cranial neuropathy may be observed. It is a matter of debate whether AAV and GBS rarely occur together in patients due to autoimmune predisposition or whether vasculitic neuropathy is a result of vasculitis. In this article, a case that presented with AMSAN as a rare condition and was diagnosed with GPA is discussed. Since the prognosis depends on the correct diagnosis and treatment selection, further research is needed in this area.