Bilateral Nevoid Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and/or Areola: A Case Report

Abstract
Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (NHNA) is a rare condition, in which the skin of the nipple and/or areola becomes diffusely thickened, hyperpigmented, and covered with filiform or papular warty excrescences. Although it affects both men and woman, approximately 80% of cases ocur in women. Pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed but mainly unsubstantiated. Moreover, specific treatment guidelines do not exist partly because of the unknown pathogenesis of this disorder. We report a female patient with this rare condition.